目录
步骤一:硬件准备
- 选择微控制器: 根据项目的要求和预算选择合适的微控制器。ESP32和ESP8266都是常用的选择,它们具有低成本、易用性和丰富的功能。
- 连接必要的组件: 将微控制器通过USB转串口连接到计算机,以便进行编程和调试。根据项目需求,添加外围组件,如LED指示灯、按钮和显示屏,以实现更丰富的用户交互体验。
步骤二:软件准备
- 安装开发环境: 下载并安装Arduino IDE或PlatformIO等集成开发环境,用于编写、编译和上传代码到微控制器。
- 获取OpenAI API访问权限: 前往OpenAI的网站,注册并申请API访问权限。获取API密钥后,在程序中保存并使用它来访问ChatGPT API。
获取openai key的地址为:https://platform.openai.com/api-keys
点击进去创建一个key,并复制到下面的代码中替换apiKey。
步骤三:编程实现
1. 设置Wi-Fi连接: 在程序中配置Wi-Fi连接,使用SSID和密码连接到可用的网络。这样微控制器才能够连接到互联网。
#include <WiFi.h>
const char* ssid = "YourWiFiSSID";
const char* password = "YourWiFiPassword";
void setupWiFi() {
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(1000);
Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
}
Serial.println("Connected to WiFi");
}
2. 发送请求到OpenAI API:当用户输入文本时,使用HTTP客户端库或WebSocket库将文本发送到OpenAI的ChatGPT API。在请求中包括API密钥以及要生成响应的文本。
#include <HTTPClient.h>
String sendRequest(String text) {
HTTPClient http;
String url = "https://api.openai.com/v1/completions";
String apiKey = "YourOpenAIAPIToken";
http.begin(url);
http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
http.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + apiKey);
String jsonPayload = "{"model":"text-davinci-003","prompt":"" + inputText + "","max_tokens":512}";
int httpResponseCode = http.POST(jsonPayload);
String response = "";
if (httpResponseCode > 0) {
response = http.getString();
}
http.end();
return response;
}
3. 处理OpenAI的响应:接收到OpenAI API的响应后,解析JSON格式的响应并提取生成的文本。确保处理异常情况,如网络连接错误或API返回错误信息。
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
String processResponse(String jsonResponse) {
StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
deserializeJson(doc, jsonResponse);
String generatedText = doc["choices"][0]["text"].as<String>();
return generatedText;
}
完整的代码如下:
请确保替换代码中的以下内容:
YourWiFiSSID
和YourWiFiPassword
:你的Wi-Fi网络的SSID和密码。YourOpenAIAPIToken
:你从OpenAI网站获取的API密钥。
步骤四:用户交互
- 接收用户输入: 监听串口输入、按钮按下或传感器触发等事件,以接收用户的输入文本。
- 发送请求并展示响应: 将用户输入文本发送到OpenAI API,并将生成的响应展示给用户。可以使用串口输出、OLED显示屏或其他输出设备展示响应。
步骤五:调试与优化
- 调试程序: 在微控制器上运行程序,并通过串口监视器或调试器检查程序运行情况。确保程序能够正确连接到Wi-Fi网络并与OpenAI API通信。
- 优化性能: 优化代码以提高系统的响应速度和稳定性。可以使用异步编程、错误处理和缓存机制等技术来优化系统性能。
结论
通过以上步骤,你可以利用ESP32或ESP8266微控制器与OpenAI的ChatGPT进行对话。该方法基于微控制器连接到互联网,通过发送请求和处理响应实现与ChatGPT的交互。这种简单而灵活的方法可以应用于各种项目,为用户带来更智能、更便捷的体验。
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